The Police and Higher Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Police and Higher Education - Essay Example To consider any job a profession a person must go through rigorous academic training. The only reason we entrust our lives to a doctor is because we know he or she has gone through at least a decade of tough training. (Bueermann, 2006) A doctor treats people who are sick. To determine how sick the patient is a doctor must know all the symptoms, the medical history and the possible allergic reactions. Any one who commits a crime has a disease. A police officer is a criminal's doctor. To find out how sick the criminal is the police should look at the effect of the crime, the criminal history and possible future reactions to the both the police and the criminals action. For a police officer to do his job he must have some academic training because he must diagnose the criminal. The Chief of Police of Redland California says, "We need to advance the educational levels of police officers. Today's challenges-greater ethnic and racial diversity in the service population, increased outside scrutiny of police practices, added responsibilities arising from homeland security-require officers to be able to think critically."(Bueermann, 2006) The Chief believes that society today is way more complex and to meet all the challenges an officer must be able to critically analyze a situation and take action accordingly. 'Street smarts' cannot be acquired by a college degree but the ability to critically think can. "Higher education does not guarantee that a candidate will become a great cop, but it does promote critical thinking. And requiring a college degree of incoming police officers is an effective way to foster organization-wide critical thinking."(Bueermann, 2006) The basic purpose of college besides producing a professional is to teach a person to think outside t he box and to critically analyze a situation. Education diversifies people's thoughts and transforms ideas into revolutions. A high school education strengthens the bud's roots so it can go to college, receive proper exposure to sunlight and have enough water to bloom into a rose. Education helps the human brain bloom into a perfect rose. It should be expected of police officers, the guardians of our society, to not only have strong roots but an open mind as well. Although college education is the formal way of getting an education it is not always the only way of getting one. A police department in Connecticut has taken a different route to police education. Instead of having a military like building their institute looks like a regular college. Instead of wearing uniforms the recruits wear normal clothes and the head is civilian. They have also changed what they teach; initially the training focus was on the physical aspects of policing. (Travis, 1995) Now the emphasis is on problem-solving, conflict resolution, diversity training, and acquiring organizational skills. Previously, only the minimum State requirements were taught. Now, recruits study such problems as sexual harassment, bias and hate crimes, HIV-AIDS, stress, and violence against women conversational Spanish and American Sign Language [and

Review of the N314D Point Mutation on the GALT Gene and its Term Paper

Review of the N314D Point Mutation on the GALT Gene and its Relationship to Galactosemia Type I - Term Paper Example The UDP- galactose, found in the liver and erythrocytes, is required for the major cell functions like chemical signaling, building cellular structures, transporting molecules and producing energy. Since, galactose-1-phosphate is toxic to the parenchymal cells present prominently in liver, kidney and brain, accumulation of it in those organs leads to severe damage to them. According to Fleisher (2012), this disease severely attacks 20% of the patients at the infant stage itself, and so Galactosemia type I is screened when an individual is still in their infancy. The procedure, which utilizes dried blood on filter paper, screens for galactosemia by performing analysis on the total galactose (galactose and galactose-1-phosphate), as well as the activity of the GALT enzyme itself. While effective, false positives frequently occur due to environmental factors and the high frequency of the Duarte-D2 mutation (N314D). (Carney et al., 2009). Environmental factors such as heat and humidity, as well as sample handling procedures, may affect the GALT assay providing for low activity and false positive results. The variation in the results may be even due to the sample handling procedures. Infants die within a few days on exposure to milk, as lactose sugar present in the milk gets converted into galactose and this galactose accumulates in the infants. The accumu lation of galactose-1-phosphate may lead to cirrhosis, cataract and severe mental retardation. Infants with this disease will have hemolysis, albuminaria and elevated clotting times, with hepatomegaly being the common cause. (Fleisher, 2012). If undiagnosed, or left untreated, the mortality rate in infants is nearly 75% (Elsas et al., 1994). Additionally, even with a properly controlled, galactose-free diet, adults with galactosemia typically develop symptoms as they grow older, some of these symptoms include learning

Effect of Social Media on Nigerian Undergraduate Essay Example for Free

Effect of Social Media on Nigerian Undergraduate Essay Rapid growth of popular online communication mediums has introduced new ways for the students to communicate. The vast array of social communication changes introduced by the relatively young prologue of social network site mandate the essences of this study. This study accessed the influenced social media (facebook in particular) on Nigeria youth in the higher institution. Specifically it attempts to collect facts on the positive and negative influence of facebook on Nigeria youth. Background of the Study  New type of communication influence by rapidly changing internet-based-technologies have spurred research on mass communications theory(Ruggerio,2000). during the period of 1988 to 1998 the internet grow nearly 100 percent every year as of January of 1998,it was estimated that 102 million people were using the internet globally(Bastian,1998). in 2007, the pew internet American life project forecasted that between 165 and 210 million users were surfing the internet in the united states alone (fallows,2007). Between November of 2006 and December of2009,the pew Internet American life project found that teenagers and young adults were consistently to highest users of the internet. social network sites, in particular, have provide a prominent medium for relationship formation (valkenburg, Peter sebouten,2006). As the internet quickly grow many key online technologies began to take shape. In 2008, social networking site were among the fastest rising most visited websites. CBC News reported that the popular social networking website Facebook jumped from the 60th most visited website to the 7th most visited website in 2008. One social network site in particular has become one of the most visited internet websites in the world. Initially started in February of 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg, the social network site Facebook. com has become largely popular. Its mission has been to â€Å"give people the power to share and make the world more open and connected† (Facebook. com, 2009). Millions of users are empowered to communicate with friends, share information such as photographs and videos, and learn more about the individuals they meet on Facebook everyday (Facebook. com,2009) At the time of data collection for this study Facebook. om had over 900 million active users, approximately half of Facebook’s active users log into Facebook on a given day. In addition, users have historically spent 500 billion minute per month on Facebook (Facebook. com, 2010). As of spring of 2010, Facebook had become the most popular social network site in the world. As online social networking grows in popularity the number of users placing personal information online does as well. Studies as shown that undergraduates put high levels of personal information online/ including inappropriate and appropriate information,which can be easily accessed by anyone.  This study focused on the influences of social networking on undergraduate that are using Facebook. This literature review discusses the previous research and findings on the influence of Social Media (Facebook) on undergraduate, youth and children. According to data gathered from several sources by Online Education . net. Social media may have positive impact on students’ sense of themselves in the community. social media-using students were twice as likely as other students feel well-liked by their peers and to participate in extracirricular activities. And more of Facebook-using students (as compared to students who didn’t use Facebook) said they felt connected to their school and the world. However, negative effects abound student who use Faceebok and hit the books simultaneously found their multitasking led to a lower grades than those of their more focused peers. Not only do grade suffer, but students might actually end up feeling depress. As Facebook’s dominance continues to grow, we are starting to realize the impact it is having in society, particularly on youth. DR. Larry Rosen, a professor of psychology at California State University, Dominguez Hills, researches on how technology impacts youth. Rosen presented his study at the 119th American Psychological Association Convention in Washington DC. His findings are based on survey responses from computer-based surveys distributed to 1,000 urban adolescents and his own 15-minute observation of 300 teenagers that were studying. Rosen said in a presentation title† Poke Me: How Social Network can both Help and Harm Our Kids. He said his research found both negative and positive influences linked to social networking. Rosen’s top three potential negative effects of Facebook; 1. Teenager who use Facebook more often show narcissistic tendencies while young adults who have a strong Facebook presence show more sign of other psychological disorders, including antisocial behaviours, mania, and aggressive tendencies. 2. Daily over use media and technology has a negative effect on the health of all children, preteens, an teenagers by making them more susceptible to future health problems’ 3.  Facebook can be distracting and can negatively impact learning. Studies found that middle school, high school, and college students who checked Facebook at least once during a 15-minute study period achieved lower grades. Rosen’s top three potential positive effects of Facebook; 1. Young adult who spend more time on Facebook are better at showing â€Å"virtual empathy† to their friends 2. Online social networking can help introverted adolescents learn how to socialized behind the safely of various screens, ranging from two-inch smart phone to 17-inch laptop.   3.  Social networking can provide tools for teaching in compelling ways that engage young students. Jasmine, P. (2011) rightly said; today youth is addicted to social networking site like orkut, Facenook, e. t. c. But nowadays especially Facebook is most popular amongst youth. Due to this over indulgence, their studies suffer a lot. Even it not only hinder their studies but also their physical, social, mental and ethic growth. Children have become couch potato. Parents are under stress to see their children spending more and more time on this social network sites. ot only children became a prey of these but every age group fascinated of this sites. this sites are meant for connecting people, to make them socialize, communicate with each other, share videos, photos, their past memories etc. but people especially youth used whole day wasting their time on this sites. they are addicted to this sites. Mose Jator(2011)also has this to say; social networking is good to some extent that people share views and ideas as well as keep in touch with friends and love ones. ooking at it on the other hand, you will discover that people today tend to use this avenue for their selfish interests which in most cases offend public decency. Some use fake identity. Looking at it on the other hand, you will discover that people today tend to use this avenue for their selfish interests which in most cases offend public decency. Some use fake identities with the sole aim of cheating hence the prevalence of cybercrime. Many youth today found themselves in one secret society and either consciously or unconsciously through social networking. Walther (1995) postulates that computer-mediated communication(e. g. social network)offers additional opportunity for students with limited amounts of time for socialization to develop their personal relationship than their face-to-face peers(as cited in Mazar, Murphy Simonds,2007). Methodology The intent of this study is to examine the influence of facebook on undergraduates. it seek to determine the positive and negative impact of facebook have on undergraduates attitude, grade and social life. An interview with 15 respondent from the major higher institutions in kwara state. Interview guide was used in collecting in-depth or rich data from the respondent. the purpose of this section is to describe the methodology used in this qualitative study. Findings Social media has become an integral part of our lives and no group feels it impact more than students. Facebook started on college campuses and it continue to thrive there the most. there’s no doubt that social media has had a huge impact on the lives of students, but what’s less clear is whether this impact has been good or bad. As a result of the interview guide administered to undergraduate of higher institution of Kwara state. Akinkunmi Jayeola, a business study student of Kwara state polytechnic posited that facebook are good platform for sharing what’s in your mind, a good medium of communication, easiest and cheapest means of communication. it’s a good way to stay connected with your friends in this fast going trend. You get a good knowledge about present going things. He later go further by pointing out the negative side of it by stressing that, if you give it so importance it will make you as slave. Another opinion from Afolayan Kabir another student from same institution also elaborate what Akinkunmi has said by stressing that facebook is good to use if we use it to some limit. it help us in improving our communication, use for creating awareness and negative aspect of it is that students waste too much time on this site. Baderu Ayotunde also have something to say; he rightly stress that it is good for student to use facebook if it is used in a right way because it a means for individual to explore the world without physically taking risks. nother student expositing on Baderu’s point of view that facebook is a good things for youth of Nigeria to think beyond friendship to close or old friends and new friends around the globe, one can share thought to each other and exchange the knowledge. he further enriches his point by sitting instant like; Today if breaking news happens before the news channels flashes, facebook flashes up the detail which were uploaded or shared by t he nearby person using facebook. he took his stand that to him that facebook is the way to develop the people of Nigeria and aware them. Najeeb Blogun student of university of Ilorin held a contrary opinion by stating that facebook have a negative impact on youth by spoiling their life and killing their most valuable time in chatting rather than spending time more on their studies. He go further by also positing that youth are cheatting one another by their false name on facebook, like a boy coming into facebook and introducing himself as a girl to divert attention towards himself and exploiting the people’s mind, it may also increase terrorism. In exploring the underlying structures of influence of facebook on Nigeria youth, the fact deduce is that facebook site has became the means of communication where individual were connected with friends and relatives with this sites as they don’t have enough time to spend with their friends in their busy schedule they can stay connected with them by sharing their feelings, thoughts, pictures etc. It’s the easiest and cheapest means of communication as now that internet is easily accessible to everybody. As anything that exceeds its limit becomes addiction therefore this can affect anyone that got addicted to facebook. The information uploaded can be misused by the people so it increases the question of privacy. so adaptation of things in limited ways is important.

Caring for People with Intellectual Disabilities

Caring for People with Intellectual Disabilities 2.2 Example of causes of intellectual disability that occur during or immediately following birth and describe 2 main characteristics of the effects. Example 1: Prematurity and low birth weight predict serious problems more often than any other conditions. Difficulties in the birth process such as temporary oxygen deprivation cause intellectual disability. Source: The Arc for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities . (n.d.). Retrieved from www.thearc.org/page.aspx?pid=2453. Main characteristics: The main characteristic of low birth baby is that they may have breathing problems. If the baby is born to soon there is a great chance that the baby’s lungs will be underdeveloped because of that they may have problems in receiving oxygen. The baby may also have trouble in maintaining a normal body temperature and they may become hypothermic( too cold) Example 2: Trauma: It occurs because of serious injury. We can say a serious shock to the body due to violence or accident. Source: AAIDD American Association on Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://aaidd.org/docs/default-source/events/harvey-trauma-8-15.pdf. Main characteristics: They may have difficulties in concentration due to painful memories or thoughts. They may face difficulty in sleep. Because of that they feel tired. 2.3 Give two examples of causes of intellectual disability that occur during childhood years and describe the impact on the day to day support needs of the person. Example 2: Meningitis: meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges, the covering of the brain and spinal cord. It is most of caused by infection but can also be produced by chemical irritation, subarachnoid, cancer and other conditions. Bacterial meningitis may result in brain damage, hearing loss, learning disabilities, behaviour changes, high fever, sensitivity to light and confusion. Source: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/topics/meningitis/en/. Task 3: Describe condition frequently associated with the intellectual disability. Condition 1: Foetal Alcohol Syndrome Cause: Foetal Alcohol Syndrome is growth, physical and mental problems. It mainly affects the baby when a mother consumes alcohol during her pregnancy. Source: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Bulletin of the World Health Organization. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/89/6/11-020611/en/. Physical support: provide them loving, nurturing and stable home life. However children with foetal alcohol syndrome have harmful relationship, therefore early diagnoses have more positive outcome.it also help the family members to understand the reaction and behaviour of the child. Assist them with daily living activities like showering, toileting, dressing and feeding. Provide them physiotherapy so they can make their muscle strong. Regular medical check-up is also helpful to maintain their health. Social support: As the children with foetal alcohol syndrome are very hyperactive. Behaviour management training is very useful for them. This will help them to learn about manners and how they can release their stress. they may have difficulty to interact with different people so provide them opportunities for friendship. Take them out and involve them into social activities. Cognitive support: Provide them education about good behaviour. Provide them planned and reasonable methods to education.so that they can improve their ability to think more effectively. Provide them educational opportunity like they can join some educational programme where they can learn new skills. Condition 2: Autism Causes: no study has found the exact cause of autism but the researchers has pointed out few possible factors which includes genetic (heredity), metabolic or neurological factors, infections and problems during birth. Source: World Health Organization. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/features/qa/85/en/. Physical support: The person with autism may find difficulties in activities of daily living. They may find difficulties in showering, toileting, dressing, undressing and feeding. We can help them to do their personal care and in feeding. We can provide occupational therapy for them.it will help them to manage their stress and they can feel relax. We can also help them to set their routine. Social support: they may have difficulty to interact with different people so provide them opportunities for friendship. Take them out and involve them in different activities like social club or offer specific advice about interaction. Help them to learn social rules using logic like how they have to talk and behave with others, manners and body language. Cognitive support: we can provide them speech and language therapy it will help them to learn speech and language skills.so that they can speak clearly. Parent and family member can learn how to play and interact with their child in way that permote cognitive skill. We can provide them some mind games like bingo or quiz so that they can use their mind.it will help them to think logically. Condition 3: Prader – Willi Syndrome CAUSE: Prader – Willi Syndrome is caused by a gene missing on part of chromosome 15. Basically, parents release a copy of this chromosome. In most cases patients with prader – willi syndrome have missing the genetic material on part of the father chromosome. Other patients with this problem have two pairs of the mother’s chromosome 15. Source: Main characteristics: Children with Prader- willi syndrome may have poor muscle tone. They may feel floppy or rag dolls when they are held.Elbows and knees loosely extended due to poor muscles tone instead of stable. People with Prader willi syndrome may have different facial feature. They may have almond shaped eyes, a narrowing of the head at the temple and turned down mouth etc. Motor development often delays with this syndrome. They may have delay in sitting up and walking. they also have speech delay problem. Physical support: Children with prader willi syndrome are at higher risk of developing fatness or size due to excessive eating. The proper weight management can be helpful for them to maintain their weight. If they want to eat more and more distract their mind by giving them other activities like music, games. Set an exercise plan so that they can become strong. Social support: we can provide social support to the children/person with prader willi syndrome. We can take them out or take them in interesting places. Where they can engage with other people and can connect with them socially. We have to give them some activities that are not related to food so that they cannot concentrate only on food. Encourage them to join some support clubs. there are many clubs who support to the children with this syndrome. They help them to interact socially with people and help them to manage their diet. Cognitive support: provide them education. They might have speech problem and learning problems. Provide them a speech therapist so that they can learn some speech skills. Educate them about managing their own diet and how they can make a routine about their regular diet.

Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring and the Beginning of the Environmental Mo

Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring and the Beginning of the Environmental Movement in the United States When Rachel Carson's Silent Spring was published in 1962, it generated a storm of controversy over the use of chemical pesticides. Miss Carson's intent in writing Silent Spring was to warn the public of the dangers associated with pesticide use. Throughout her book are numerous case studies documenting the harmful effects that chemical pesticides have had on the environment. Along with these facts, she explains how in many instances the pesticides have done more harm than good in eradicating the pests they were designed to destroy. In addition to her reports on pesticide use, Miss Carson points out that many of the long-term effects that these chemicals may have on the environment, as well as on humans, are still unknown. Her book as one critic wrote, "dealt pesticides a sharp blow" (Senior Scholastic 1962). The controversy sparked by Silent Spring led to the enactment of environmental legislation and the establishment of government agencies to better regulate the use of these chemic als. Miss Carson first became aware of the effects of chemical pesticides on the natural environment while working for the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries. Of particular concern to her was the government’s use of chemical pesticides such as DDT. She was familiar with early studies of DDT and knew of its dangers and lasting effects on the environment. According to Miss Carson, "the more I learned about the use of pesticides, the more appalled I became. I realized that here was the material for a book. What I discovered was that everything which meant most to me as a naturalist was being threatened, and that nothing I could do would be more important." Thu... ... Harvey, Mary. "Using a Plague to Fight a Plague." Saturday Review 29 Sept. 1962: 8. Lear, Linda. Rachel Carson: Witness for Nature. New York: Holt & Co., 1997. McDonnell, Lawrence and Sarah F. Bates. Natural Resources Policy and Law: Trends and Directions. Washington, D.C.: Island, 1993. Natural Resources Defense Council. "The Story of Silent Spring." http://www.nrdc.org/health/pesticides/hcarson.asp. 1997. Naum, Nicole. "Environmental Vanguard: Rachel Carson." http://www.geo.lsa.umich.edu/~crlb/COURSES/140/FINAL00/features.html. "Pesticides: the Price for Progress." Time 28 Sept. 1962: 45-48. "The Furor Over Pesticides." Senior Scholastic 12 Dec. 1962: 10+. Vig, Norman and Michael Kraft. Environmental Policy in the 1990s. Washington D.C.: CQ, 1997. Vogt, William. "On Man the Destroyer." Natural History Sept. 1962: 3-5.

Essay --

Throughout history there has been a vast development of organisation which has led us to today’s modern factory systems. Machinery and the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century obviously play a vital role in these changes however before we can analyse how they have influenced the system greatly; we have to understand how the organisations came about in the first place and how they have changed in order to have created the demand for machinery and therefore the industrial revolution. There has been much debate over what prompted development and change. Marglin (1974) states that it wasn’t the new machinery and industrial revolution that prompted change it was in fact, the control and new efficiency from the old organisation systems to the more modern factory system that created the demand. He questions whether work organization is determined by society or technology and asks whether hierarchical authority is really necessary for high levels of production (Marglin 197 4 p19). However others disagreed and it is still an ongoing debate eg. David Landes (1969) argues that the symbol of revolution was a combination of technological and cultural factors. The transformation from early organisations such as workshops, guilds, cooperatives and the ‘putting out system’ to the rise of the factory system brings us closer to today’s organisation. In the early organisations in workshops there was scope for embezzlement, a poor allocation of resources and traditional hierarchies were very common. The putting-out system was a simple, decentralized method of producing manufactured goods and it had been in use for a few centuries by the time it grew in importance during the mid-18th Century. The system was based upon the idea of a central auth... ...age in the development of the organisation had been established, we can focus on the most relevant driving force that led us to modern factory systems. It was in fact Weber who brought in the idea of bureaucracy and this is what has led factories to be more like modern organisations due to more hierarchical control and maximum efficiency. The industrial sector is constantly evolving and this can be seen during the 19th Century when the main driving force was leaning more towards improvements in machinery and technology. This changed during the 20th Century when bureaucracy, hierarchy and control had more influence. Industry will continue to evolve and refine itself due to demand for higher efficiency and productivity. With the ever changing business environment and constant technological advances, it is hard to predict what may influence manufacturing systems next. Essay -- Throughout history there has been a vast development of organisation which has led us to today’s modern factory systems. Machinery and the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century obviously play a vital role in these changes however before we can analyse how they have influenced the system greatly; we have to understand how the organisations came about in the first place and how they have changed in order to have created the demand for machinery and therefore the industrial revolution. There has been much debate over what prompted development and change. Marglin (1974) states that it wasn’t the new machinery and industrial revolution that prompted change it was in fact, the control and new efficiency from the old organisation systems to the more modern factory system that created the demand. He questions whether work organization is determined by society or technology and asks whether hierarchical authority is really necessary for high levels of production (Marglin 197 4 p19). However others disagreed and it is still an ongoing debate eg. David Landes (1969) argues that the symbol of revolution was a combination of technological and cultural factors. The transformation from early organisations such as workshops, guilds, cooperatives and the ‘putting out system’ to the rise of the factory system brings us closer to today’s organisation. In the early organisations in workshops there was scope for embezzlement, a poor allocation of resources and traditional hierarchies were very common. The putting-out system was a simple, decentralized method of producing manufactured goods and it had been in use for a few centuries by the time it grew in importance during the mid-18th Century. The system was based upon the idea of a central auth... ...age in the development of the organisation had been established, we can focus on the most relevant driving force that led us to modern factory systems. It was in fact Weber who brought in the idea of bureaucracy and this is what has led factories to be more like modern organisations due to more hierarchical control and maximum efficiency. The industrial sector is constantly evolving and this can be seen during the 19th Century when the main driving force was leaning more towards improvements in machinery and technology. This changed during the 20th Century when bureaucracy, hierarchy and control had more influence. Industry will continue to evolve and refine itself due to demand for higher efficiency and productivity. With the ever changing business environment and constant technological advances, it is hard to predict what may influence manufacturing systems next.

United States Efforts To Combat Domestic Counter Terrorism

The threat of terrorism has become real since the 9/11 attacks in the US. The government as well as the international community has joined efforts in order to combat the ever present terror attacks mainly targeting America. Although there have not been other terrorist attacks in the US soil since the 9/11 attacks, the fact that, terrorists continue to threaten and in fact other US interests outside the US remains as clear pointer to the fact that, terrorism is a real threat to the US and therefore warrants measures against protecting every American’s right to fundamental freedoms guaranteed under law. Terrorist activities recently targeting the US allies and foreign interests include attacks in Kenya, Morocco, Pakistan, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen and Tunisia. The above calls for tough and effective anti terrorism laws to curb the evil. It is against that background that, US has taken considerable measures to combat the evil both domestically and internationally. For the purpose of this, paper, attention will be given to domestic measures aimed at curbing terrorism and only touch a little bit on international terrorism. International measures have included the capacity building programs being initiated by the US in its allies by giving incentives such as training military on the effective military combats styles as well as increasing of satellite surveillance as well as use of communication technology to track and disrupt the activities of the terrorist and carry out preemptive attacks on their bases if suspected to be planning and attack (Abuza, Zachary,2005). On top of that, according to , combating terrorist requires a coordinated activity. The first step involves the use of al means in order to deny the terrorists the chance of committing the crime in other words decapacitating them, this is possible through number of ways which include, cutting arms supply, denying terrorists access to arms and other weaponry which would be harmful if left in the reach of the terrorists and improved security checks in all vulnerable areas such as airports all aimed at lessening the probability of terrorists successfully attacking the US. One can not forget the role on good governance for in some cases the activities of terrorism have happen just because a government official serving in a major security installation such as in the airports or immigration department s failed to execute their duties properly (Acquaviva, Mike, 1989) The US has in measure aimed at improving its home security passed several antiterrorism bills all of which have in one way or another contributed to the interruption of terrorist activities therefore lessening the chances of terrorist attacks in the US. In a bid to protect its citizens and sovereignty America enforced many measures including military operations in places deemed to harbor terrorist activities or are at least sympathetic to terrorist activities. The constitution of America empowers the president through congress to intervene in cases where the country comes under security threat using all means under his/her discretion. It is against this back ground that, the US has taken measures which not all agree to have nevertheless helped to reduce the incidence of attacks. Such measures have included the empowerment of all security institutions such as the FBI and the CIA, to play a bigger role in the hunt and elimination of terrorists and their activities, increasing military expenditure as well as security budget to facilitate programs aimed at combating terrorism. Other activities have included the passing of laws aimed at confiscating property suspected to originate or be ended to terrorist cells or allies. Other key measures aimed at combating the crime involve the passing a bill which empowers key security agencies to intercept communications deemed suspicious and likely to enhance terrorist activities. Other measure have include the coding of the US security levels to also alert the people of America when ever a threat of attacks is deemed inevitable as well as when it is considered relatively safe. Also the US has introduced the concept of travel advisories which although they do not apply domestically are key in protecting the Americans against the thereat of attacks. Other than the methods used, it does not occur there were other alternatives since, the present measures have succeeded in making the US a better place. It is notable that, there has been numerous attempts by the terrorists groups to hit US again possibly to commemorate the September 11 attacks but all have been thwarted or intercepted and if they happen it has been in a small magnitude. Although critiques have argued that, the measures taken by US has increased anti-Americanism especially form Islamic countries, the fact is that, the terrorist are determined to attack US and considers such as achievements. This calls for no less than radical measures aimed at maintaining the security of Americans. In the fight against terrorism, the US has not been alone for it has received all manner of support from its key ally Britain as well as from the UN which helped pass some of the international amendments aimed at curbing the threat and danger of terrorism (Abuza, Zachary,2003). In all regions of the work the US has key partners’ and allies who allow it to operate form the solids in the endeavor to reduce the efficiency of the terrorist. From Africa to Asia, and Far East, the US collaborates with key countries through sharing of intelligence, use of countries facilities, to launch activities as well passing anti-terrorism legislations which are deemed crucial in deterring terrorists. On the other hand the US benefits form these ties in that the countries can arrest suspects wanted in connection with terrorism and them to US for interrogation and trial especially those wanted in connection to the September attacks. Just like all other well intentioned struggles, the combat against domestic terrorism will need the right environment in order to be successful as well as to achieve is objectives. In a nutshell the following are the most immediate needs and changes which may result into a fight with a well guided mission and vision, one which will meet the expectations of the people of America. Firstly, the issue of good PR will need to be emphasized a lot and it needs to be highlighted in all departments and institutions dealing with terrorism. Although the US military has done much efforts to meet this, goal, it is has not been sustained and maintained in that, some organs of the government seem to be comfortable with the progress so far. Far form the truth, there is need to ensure that, every move from the government aimed at countering the threats of terrorism as well as all others aimed at influencing major international partners as well as world bodies such as the UN are not misrepresented or misinterpreted by the public. Against the background of the Iraq war which has resulted into enormous life losses to the Americans, it is easy for people to lose the zeal for the fight and start opposing it. This happens due to poor communication as well as poor PR skills. Therefore the role of communication and PR in this war against domestic terrorism needs to be speeded up in order to ensure that; throughout all campaigns the government has the blessing of the masses. The other challenge in the combat against domestic tourism comes in the form of opposition to legislations or bills aimed at solving the problem of terrorism. When ever a senator or any member of the congress brings up a motion on terrorism fighting, there is a need for all the congress men to put aside all their political ideological differences to back such law because its touches the whole American society. Lastly, the challenge of people withholding crucial information from the law enforcement agents is a matter of grave concern. Usually, terrorists live among the people that they plan to attack. In that case, those who live near the terrorists and shield them from the law enforcer are obliviously on the wrong. The public should be more involved and actually share any crucial information with the police. By hunting down for terrorist in the mountains, jungles and seas, by attacking those who collaborated with the terrorist to attack it, the act of the US in regard to terrorism can not be regarded to as being overreaction. Simply put, there was no other way of doing it, the US had lost close to $100 billion in terms of economic damages as a result of terrorists activities of the recent past. Against such a background, the activities and efforts of the US to combat domestic tourism can be termed only as fair and justified for failure to act would and can lead to further attack hence more losses. This can also significantly affect the world order as the US is looked up on by many vulnerable countries to offer protection in cases of external aggression on their sovereignty as it did in the case o Kuwait.